Individual factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis among non-pregnant women attending Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. A Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background:

This study evaluated individual-level determinants of VVC among non-pregnant women attending Hoima Regional Referral Hospital.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 77 respondents was conducted using structured questionnaires. Data on medical history, hygiene practices, personal behaviors were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.

Results:

Most of the respondents, 20(30%), were aged between 30 and 39 years, whereas the least, 10(13%), were above 50 years. Most 39(50.6%) of the respondents were married, whereas the least 5(5.6%) were widowed. Most 37(48.1%) of the respondents had a secondary school level of education, while the least 5(6.5%) had no formal level of education. 26(33.8%) of the respondents were self-employed, whereas the least 8(10.4%) of them were just employed. About 57(74%) of the respondents lived in rural areas while the least 20(26%) lived in urban areas.

Of the respondents diagnosed with VVC (46.8%), a significant proportion (63.9%) reported having chronic illnesses, particularly diabetes, which compromises immune function and increases infection risk. Regarding recurrence, 77.8% experienced at least one yeast infection within the past 12 months, indicating a high recurrence rate. Hygiene practices revealed mixed patterns; while 55.6% reported changing underwear daily, potentially protective, 38.9% engaged in vaginal douching or used feminine hygiene sprays, practices known to disrupt normal vaginal microbiota. Symptomatically, 72.7% reported classic signs such as itching, burning sensation, and abnormal discharge, confirming active infection. These findings demonstrate that both physiological vulnerabilities and modifiable behaviors significantly contribute to VVC occurrence and persistence.

Conclusion:

Individual health status and behavioral practices play an important role in the occurrence and recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Chronic illnesses such as diabetes and certain hygiene practices can increase the risk of infection.

Recommendations:

 Health education should emphasize proper genital hygiene and discourage harmful practices like douching.