Aim and scope: SJ Gynecology and Obstetrics Africa is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal published in online (ISSN: 3006-5143) and print (ISSN: 3006-5135) formats and indexed in Embase. The journal publishes original scholarly work across all areas of basic, translational, and clinical research in obstetrics, gynecology, and related disciplines. The journal considers original research articles, systematic and narrative reviews, case reports, and letters to the editor that contribute to scientific understanding and clinical practice in women’s health. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, maternal health, reproductive health, gynecologic oncology, infertility, family planning, adolescent health, and public health aspects of obstetrics and gynecology. SJ Gynecology and Obstetrics Africa encourages submissions from researchers at all academic levels, including students, provided that manuscripts demonstrate methodological rigor, ethical approval where applicable, and scholarly relevance. The Journal was established on Sunday, 31 December 2023 and it is Published by SJC Publishers Company Limited.
Clinicopathological profile of endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Background Endometrial carcinoma is among the most common gynecological malignancies in postmenopausal women and requires early diagnosis for improved outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathological profile of endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 100 postmenopausal women with histopathologically confirmed endometrial carcinoma. Clinical features, histopathological findings, and FIGO stage were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The association between tumor grade and stage was assessed using the Chi-square test. Results The mean age was 61.4 ± 7.8 years, and 45% of patients belonged to the 50–60-year age group. Postmenopausal bleeding was the most common symptom (82%). Endometrioid carcinoma was the predominant subtype (78%), while 56% of patients presented in FIGO Stage I. Tumor grade showed a significant association with disease stage (χ²=28.6, p=0.001). Conclusion Endometrial carcinoma commonly presents with postmenopausal bleeding and is frequently diagnosed at an early stage. Histopathological grade is significantly associated with disease stage and prognosis. Recommendation Early evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding and prompt histopathological assessment should be encouraged to improve diagnosis and management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Bishal Datta, Dr. Prannoy Das, Dr. Bhabani Charan Das (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A study on obstetric management in term pregnancies infected with SARS-COV-2 and fetomaternal outcomes.
Background Pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection may be at increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes because of physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the obstetric management, maternal outcomes, and neonatal outcomes in term pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted among 200 term pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care hospital between June 2020 and May 2021. Maternal clinical profile, laboratory parameters, mode of delivery, maternal complications, and neonatal outcomes were analyzed from hospital records. Results The mean maternal age was 25.6 ± 3.94 years. Most women were asymptomatic (78%), while cough was the most common presenting symptom among symptomatic women. Common comorbidities included anemia (3%), hypertensive disorders (12%), and hypothyroidism (5.5%). Spontaneous labour occurred in 41.5% of women, while 50% underwent cesarean delivery. Five women (2.5%) required intensive care admission, and two maternal deaths occurred due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mean gestational age at delivery was 38.47 ± 0.83 weeks, and mean birth weight was 2810 ± 431 g. Two neonates (1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and remained clinically stable. One intrauterine death, one stillbirth, and one neonatal death were reported. Conclusion Most pregnant women with COVID-19 had mild disease and favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Severe maternal morbidity and mortality were more common in women with associated comorbidities. Recommendation Early identification of high-risk pregnant women with COVID-19 and close multidisciplinary monitoring may help reduce adverse fetomaternal outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr .Sindhukavi P, Dr. Parvathananeni Divya, Dr .Sornalatha.C.L, Dr .Ramnivas R4 (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Maternal BMI and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A cross-sectional observational analytical study in a tertiary care centre.
Background: Maternal body mass index is a practical antenatal marker that reflects nutritional and metabolic status. Excess BMI is linked with endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, and increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Objectives: To assess the distribution of maternal BMI and determine its association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among pregnant women attending a tertiary care centre. Methods: This observational analytical study was conducted at RP Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India, from September 2025 to February 2026. A total of 100 pregnant women were included. Maternal BMI was categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese. Hypertensive disorders were classified as gestational hypertension, mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, and eclampsia. Associations were analysed using appropriate statistical tests and logistic regression. Results: The mean maternal age was 26.8 ± 4.5 years, and the mean BMI was 25.4 ± 4.2 kg/m². Overall, 8.0% were underweight, 40.0% had normal BMI, 34.0% were overweight, and 18.0% were obese. Hypertensive disorders were present in 29.0% of participants. Their prevalence increased from 15.0% in normal BMI women to 35.3% in overweight women and 55.6% in obese women. Obesity showed a significant adjusted association with hypertensive disorders. Preterm delivery and low birth weight were also more frequent among affected women. Conclusion: Increasing maternal BMI was significantly associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and selected adverse perinatal outcomes. Recommendations: Early BMI assessment, weight counselling, blood pressure surveillance, and risk-based antenatal follow-up should be integrated into routine obstetric care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ashwini Ganeshrao Gaikwad, Jagruti Ratnakar Keskar, Deepak Ashok Kubde (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fetomaternal outcomes in teenage pregnancy: A prospective observational study from a tertiary care centre in southern Odisha.
Background: Teenage pregnancy remains a major public health concern in developing countries, associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, from March 2024 to September 2025. A total of 362 pregnant adolescents aged 13–19 years were enrolled. Data on sociodemographic profile, obstetric complications, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes were collected and analysed. Results: The incidence of teenage pregnancy was 2.82 per 12,800 obstetric admissions. Most participants were aged 18–19 years (85.36%), from rural areas (70.16%), and unbooked (84.53%). Anemia (77.90%) was the most common complication, followed by hypertensive disorders (19.06%) and preterm labour (25.97%). Vaginal delivery occurred in 60.22%, while lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) was performed in 30.94%. Among 314 live births, 30.25% were low birth weight, 35.35% required NICU admission, and neonatal mortality was 1.59%. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is associated with significant fetomaternal complications, particularly anemia and preterm birth. Recommendation: Strengthening adolescent health education, delaying the age at marriage, improving access to antenatal care, and implementing nutritional interventions are essential to reducing adverse outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Avasmica Toppo, Mahija Sahu, Sabyasachi Padhi, Arati Behera (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence and immediate adverse birth outcomes following augmentation of labor with oxytocin at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Southwestern Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Augmentation of labor using oxytocin is widely practiced to manage inadequate uterine contractions and prevent prolonged labor. However, its use has been associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, including uterine hyperstimulation, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal distress, and increased operative deliveries. This study assessed the prevalence and immediate adverse birth outcomes among women undergoing augmentation of labor at a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Uganda. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to April 2025 among 210 women who delivered following oxytocin augmentation at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire and clinical chart review. Immediate adverse birth outcomes were defined as maternal and/or perinatal complications occurring within 24 hours of delivery. Data were analyzed using Stata version 17 to determine prevalence and associated characteristics. Results: The prevalence of immediate adverse birth outcomes was 22.4% (95% CI: 17.2–28.6%). Adverse maternal outcomes alone occurred in 11.0% of participants, perinatal outcomes alone in 7.1%, while 4.3% experienced both. The most common maternal outcomes were caesarean section (6.2%) and postpartum hemorrhage (5.2%). Among perinatal outcomes, low Apgar score (<7 at 5 minutes) and neonatal intensive care unit admission were most frequent (8.1% each). Referral status and marital status showed significant associations with adverse outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of immediate adverse birth outcomes following oxytocin augmentation is high, highlighting a significant obstetric concern. Both maternal and neonatal complications remain common in this setting. Recommendation: Strengthening adherence to labor monitoring protocols, particularly the use of the WHO labor care guide, and careful selection and monitoring of women undergoing oxytocin augmentation are essential to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Dickens Mugumya, Dr. Onesmus Byamukam, Assoc. Prof. Rogers Kajabwangu, Musa Kayondo, Leevan Tibaijuka, Joseph Ngonzi, Daniel Begumana, Mohamed Bashir, Edwin Semambo, Julius Businge, Paul Kato Kalyebara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Prophylactic Oxytocin versus Carbetocin After Vaginal Delivery: A Prospective Observational Study
Background Postpartum hemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prophylactic uterotonics are central to active management of the third stage of labour. Oxytocin is widely used after vaginal delivery, whereas carbetocin, a long-acting oxytocin analogue, may provide more sustained uterine contraction and better control of postpartum blood loss. Objectives To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes following prophylactic oxytocin versus carbetocin after vaginal delivery. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at RVM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Laxmakkapally, Telangana, India, from January 2025 to August 2025. A total of 100 women undergoing vaginal delivery were included. Based on the prophylactic uterotonic administered during the third stage of labour as part of routine clinical care, 50 women received oxytocin and 50 received carbetocin. Maternal outcomes assessed were duration of the third stage of labour, estimated blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage, requirement of additional uterotonics, and adverse effects. Neonatal outcomes included birth weight, Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Results The mean maternal age of the participants was 25.8 ± 3.9 years, and the majority were multiparous women. Baseline demographic and obstetric characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The carbetocin group showed a shorter duration of the third stage of labour and lower mean estimated blood loss than the oxytocin group. Postpartum hemorrhage and the need for additional uterotonics were less frequent among women who received carbetocin. Adverse effects were mild and comparable in both groups. Neonatal outcomes, including birth weight, Apgar scores, and NICU admission, did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion Carbetocin demonstrated better maternal haemostatic outcomes than oxytocin after vaginal delivery, while neonatal outcomes remained comparable. Recommendation Carbetocin may be preferred for postpartum hemorrhage prophylaxis after vaginal delivery, especially in women with anticipated increased bleeding risk.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Akula Swaroopa Rani, Dr Manjula D, Dr Alekya A, Dr Prashanth Kumar Patnaik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clinical profile, treatment response, and safety of tranexamic acid in postpartum hemorrhage. A cross-sectional observational study.
Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and tranexamic acid (TXA) has emerged as an important adjunct in its management. Real-world evidence from tertiary care hospitals remains valuable for evaluating short-term treatment response and safety. Objectives To assess the clinical profile, treatment response, and short-term safety outcomes among women with PPH receiving TXA in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods This hospital-based observational study included 100 women with clinically diagnosed PPH who received TXA as part of standard management at RVM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Telangana, India, from February 2025 to September 2025. Demographic, obstetric, etiological, therapeutic, and outcome-related variables were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Most women were aged 21-30 years, multiparous, and delivered vaginally. Uterine atony was the commonest cause of PPH. TXA was administered within 1 hour of diagnosis in 64% of women. Estimated blood loss remained below 1000 mL in 68% after treatment. Additional uterotonics and blood transfusion were required in 32% and 28%, respectively. Hemorrhage was controlled with medical management alone in 78%, whereas 20% required surgical intervention and 3% underwent hysterectomy. Recovery without major complication occurred in 86% of women; ICU admission was required in 11%, and maternal mortality was 2%. Adverse effects were infrequent, with nausea or vomiting in 6%, transient hypotension in 3%, and no thromboembolic events observed. Conclusion In this observational cohort, TXA used as part of multimodal PPH management was associated with favorable hemorrhage control and a low short-term adverse-event burden. These findings support its continued integration into tertiary care obstetric hemorrhage protocols. Recommendation Early administration of tranexamic acid should be encouraged in postpartum haemorrhage management to reduce blood loss, complications, and improve maternal outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Manjula D, Dr Akula Swaroopa Rani, Dr Vidyullatha Balivada, Dr Prashanth Kumar Patnaik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Incidence of Post-Cesarean Surgical Site Infection With Cefazolin Alone Versus Cefazolin Plus Azithromycin Prophylaxis: A Hospital-Based Observational Cohort Study
Background Surgical site infection after cesarean delivery remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, readmission, and increased treatment cost. Objectives To compare the 30-day cumulative incidence of post-cesarean surgical site infection between women receiving cefazolin alone and those receiving cefazolin plus azithromycin, and to identify clinical factors associated with infection. Methods This hospital-based observational cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Telangana, India. A total of 100 women undergoing cesarean delivery were enrolled and categorized according to prophylaxis received: cefazolin alone [n=50] or cefazolin plus azithromycin [n=50]. The primary outcome was surgical site infection within 30 days. Secondary outcomes included febrile morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, readmission due to infection, need for resuturing or drainage, and postoperative wound discharge. Demographic, obstetric, and perioperative variables were also assessed. Results Baseline demographic and obstetric characteristics were comparable between groups. During 30-day follow-up, 10 of 100 women developed surgical site infection, yielding a cumulative incidence of 10.0%. Infection occurred in 14.0% of the cefazolin-alone group and 6.0% of the combination group, with an absolute risk difference of 8.0 percentage points; however, the difference was not statistically significant [p=0.18]. Superficial incisional infection was the most frequent type [7.0%], followed by deep incisional infection [2.0%] and organ/space infection [1.0%]. Secondary infectious outcomes were consistently lower in the combination group. Surgical site infection was significantly associated with BMI ≥30 kg/m², rupture of membranes >12 hours, and operative duration >60 minutes. Conclusion Cefazolin plus azithromycin prophylaxis was associated with a lower 30-day risk of post-cesarean surgical site infection and fewer postoperative infectious complications than cefazolin alone. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the overall trend favored adjunctive azithromycin. Recommendation Larger multicenter prospective studies are recommended to validate these findings and guide prophylactic antibiotic strategies for high-risk cesarean deliveries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Vidyullatha Balivada, Dr Usharani Nagarapu, Dr Akula Swaroopa Rani, Dr Prashanth Kumar Patnaik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Misoprostol Use for Induction of Labor at Term: Dose Patterns, Time-to-Delivery, and Complications: An Observational Study
Background Misoprostol is widely used for induction of labor at term because it is inexpensive, stable at room temperature, and effective for cervical ripening. Objectives To assess dose patterns, induction-to-delivery interval, delivery outcomes, and maternal and neonatal complications among women induced with misoprostol at term. Methods This hospital-based observational study included 100 term pregnant women induced with misoprostol at a tertiary care teaching hospital from April 2025 to November 2025. Baseline characteristics, indication for induction, number of doses, total dose, time to delivery, mode of delivery, and complications were recorded and analyzed descriptively. Results Most women were 21-30 years old, and 56% were primigravida. Postdated pregnancy was the commonest indication. Two doses were most frequently required, and the mean total dose was 63.5 ± 22.4 µg. The mean induction-to-delivery interval was 11.6 ± 4.8 hours and was longer in primigravida than multigravida women. Normal vaginal delivery occurred in 72%, instrumental vaginal delivery in 8%, and cesarean delivery in 20%, yielding an overall vaginal delivery rate of 80%. Uterine tachysystole occurred in 7%, hyperstimulation in 3%, postpartum hemorrhage in 4%, and NICU admission in 8%. Conclusion Misoprostol induction at term showed good effectiveness with an acceptable safety profile in routine tertiary care practice. Most women achieved vaginal delivery within a clinically reasonable interval, and serious maternal or neonatal complications were uncommon. Recommendations Misoprostol may be considered a safe and effective agent for induction of labor at term when used with appropriate dosing and monitoring. Further multicentric studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to establish optimal protocols and strengthen evidence-based clinical guidelines.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Usharani Nagarapu, Dr Alekya A, Dr Akula Swaroopa Rani, Dr Prashanth Kumar Patnaik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Thyroid dysfunction and menstrual disorders in reproductive-age women: A prospective observational study in a tertiary hospital in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Background Thyroid dysfunction can disturb the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and cause menstrual irregularities in reproductive-age women; early detection is important for accurate diagnosis and timely management. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among reproductive-age women presenting with menstrual disorders and to evaluate the association between thyroid hormone categories and specific bleeding patterns. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India, from August 2023 to February 2025. Women aged 18–45 years with menstrual irregularities were enrolled (n=160) after applying eligibility criteria and obtaining written consent. Clinical evaluation, pelvic examination, haemoglobin estimation, and transabdominal ultrasonography were performed. Menstrual blood loss was assessed using the pictorial blood loss assessment chart. Serum T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured, and participants were classified as euthyroid, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, or subclinical hypothyroid. Associations were tested using the chi-square test. Results Overall, 33/160 women (20.62%) had thyroid dysfunction: hypothyroidism 22 (13.75%), subclinical hypothyroidism 8 (5.00%), and hyperthyroidism 3 (1.88%). Menorrhagia was the leading menstrual disorder (54, 33.75%), followed by amenorrhoea (47, 29.38%) and polymenorrhoea (36, 22.51%). Parity was significantly associated with thyroid status (p=0.04). Menstrual pattern showed strong associations with T3 (p<0.001), T4 (p<0.001), and TSH (p<0.001) categories; elevated TSH clustered with menorrhagia and polymenorrhoea, whereas low TSH was observed mainly among amenorrhoeic women. Weight gain and constipation were common hypothyroid-suggestive symptoms, while weight loss and fatigue suggested hyperthyroidism. Conclusion One in five women with menstrual disorders had biochemical thyroid dysfunction, predominantly hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone derangements were significantly linked to the type of menstrual disturbance. Recommendations Thyroid function testing should be incorporated into the first-line evaluation of menstrual disorders in routine clinic practice, particularly heavy or frequent bleeding and persistent amenorrhoea.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Durga Devi Meda, Dr . R V Durga Prasad, Dr. Guturu P.R.S.D.S Tejaswini, Dr. D.S.S.K.Raju (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Individual factors influencing the completion of antenatal care visits among pregnant mothers attending the ANC Clinic at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The study aimed to assess the individual factors influencing the completion of antenatal care visits among pregnant mothers attending the ANC Clinic at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital among pregnant mothers attending the antenatal clinic. A sample of 77 participants, derived from the Kish and Leslie formula, was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, with assistance for illiterate respondents. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and presented in tables and charts. Quality control included pretesting and piloting tools. Ethical approval, informed consent, confidentiality, and voluntary participation were ensured throughout the study. Standard procedures were followed for data collection. Results: Most respondents (96%, n=74) had attended school, mainly up to secondary level (47.3%, n=35), while 25.7% (n=19) reached tertiary education. The majority (74%, n=57) were currently employed, with farming being the most common occupation (40.5%, n=23), while fewer worked as professionals such as nurses and teachers (25.7%, n=15). Most participants (68%, n=52) initiated antenatal care within the first trimester, whereas 32% (n=25) started later. Decision-making on seeking health care was limited, as 60% (n=46) reported not making their own decisions, compared to 40% (n=31) who did. Regarding alcohol use, 55% (n=42) had never consumed alcohol, while 45% (n=35) reported prior consumption. Conclusion: Education, employment, decision-making ability, and alcohol use influenced ANC completion. Recommendation: The government of Uganda should ensure antenatal care services are provided free of charge to improve access and utilization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Norah Nannyonga, Mr Moses Ojale, Hasifa Nansereko, Francisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Uptake of cervical cancer screening services among women of reproductive age attending Hoima regional referral hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, but for those in their prime reproductive years, it is the second most frequent threat. It is almost entirely preventable with regular screening and early detection. The study aimed to assess the individual, health care system-related, and social and cultural factors affecting uptake of cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age attending Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design, with the use of semi-structured questionnaires. Simple random sampling was used to obtain 60 respondents, and data were collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaires. Collected data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of tables and figures. Results: More than half of the respondents, 44(73.3%), felt uncomfortable with cervical cancer screening because it involves genital examination. While 31(51.7%) avoided being screened for cervical cancer due to long waiting time, 51.7% avoided it because they had been discouraged by their partners. Even though 84.6% reported that they would go for screening if given adequate information about cervical cancer screening, fear of results, 61.7%, and preference for a specific gender of health workers seemed to be influencing factors. Conclusions: Key barriers to seeking care include long wait times, partner discouragement, and a fear of results. Additionally, the gender of health workers plays a role in their decision-making. However, there is a strong willingness to undergo screening if adequate information and education are provided. Socio-cultural factors included feeling ashamed of the procedure and being refused by partners. Recommendations: The hospital administration should work towards improving the quality and accessibility of cervical cancer screening services by reducing long waiting times, improving staffing levels, and introducing organized appointment systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariam Nankwanga, Moses Ojale, Hasifa Nansereko, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilization of oral contraceptives among women aged 15-24 years attending reproductive health care at Jinja regional referral hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Despite global improvements in contraceptive access, uptake among adolescents and young women in sub-Saharan Africa remains low, contributing to high rates of unintended pregnancies. This study determined the factors influencing the utilization of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) among women aged 15–24 years attending reproductive health services at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used, employing quantitative methods. A sample of 305 respondents was obtained through systematic sampling, and data were collected with the help of semi-structured questionnaires. The collected data was then analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and the results were presented in the form of tables and figures. Results: Overall, the majority of participants were teenagers, 180 (59%), 225 (73.8%) were single, while 4 (1.3%) were married. Christianity 214 (70.2%) formed the highest number of responses. Findings revealed that while awareness of OCPs was high (90%), actual utilization remained low, with 60% of respondents reporting that they had never used OCPs, although 66.9% demonstrated knowledge of OCP side effects. Community acceptability stood at 49.8%, religious support at 45.2%, and parental disapproval at 40%. Peer influence was strong (60.7%), and fear of side effects (68.9%) was the leading reason for non-use. Misconceptions persisted, with 40% believing contraceptives cause promiscuity, although most respondents (55.1%) supported youth access without parental consent. Conclusion: Age, education level, and perceived community support were significant predictors of OCP utilization. While knowledge about oral contraceptives exists, socio-cultural pressures, myths, and fear of side effects remain major barriers to OCP uptake among young women. Recommendation: Strengthening youth-friendly services, community sensitization, and targeted education interventions is recommended to enhance OCP utilization. Ensure privacy and confidentiality in service provision to encourage young women to openly discuss contraceptive needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diana Kisakye, George Kalfred Masete, Hasifah Nansereko, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Recurrent urinary tract infections among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) at Bombo health centre III, Luweero district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Globally, recurrent urinary tract infections account for a significant proportion of female morbidity, affecting many women at least in their lifetime. The increasing resistance of E.coli to first-line antibiotics has made management more challenging. The study aimed to determine the factors associated with recurrent urinary tract infections among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) at Bombo Health Centre III, Luwero district. Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional study design in which a quantitative data collection approach was applied. Respondents were sampled using a simple random sampling method. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 50 respondents. Data was manually analysed, and results were presented in the form of tables, charts, and graphs. Results: Most respondents (86%) were aged 18-30 years, 64% were single, and 52% had attained secondary education. Half (50%) earned between 100,000-200,000shs monthly. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related factors-such as low income, poor genital hygiene, delayed urination, and limited fluid intake-were identified as major contributions to recurrence. While 60.0% of women reported receiving counseling on UTI prevention, 60.0% reported at least one UTI in the past year, highlighting a substantial burden of recurrence. Inadequate awareness and self-medication further increased susceptibility. Therefore, recurrent urinary tract infections remain a common problem among women of reproductive age in Bombo Health Centre III. Conclusion: Young, educated women face a high UTI recurrence rate driven by behavioral risks, such as self-medication, and structural resource constraints. Addressing this requires integrated interventions focusing on hygiene, education, and antibiotic stewardship. Recommendations: Health education on hygiene, increased awareness about risk behaviors, and timely medical consultation should be prioritized to reduce recurrent urinary tract infections. Outreach services should be emphasized, targeting women living farther from the facility to bridge access gaps and improve care-seeking behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Silas Kiggundu, Alois Okadapao, Hasifah Nansereko, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevention of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kajjansi Health Centre IV, Wakiso district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries, and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study assessed the determinants of prevention of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kajjansi Health Centre IV in Wakiso District. Methodology: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 pregnant women attending antenatal care. Participants were selected using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the findings. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 18–29 years (55%), unemployed (62%), married (60%), and multiparous (82%). Knowledge about iron deficiency anaemia was low, with only 30% having heard of the condition and 92% unaware of the benefits of iron and folic acid supplementation. Only 8% reported daily intake of supplements. Socio-economic and cultural factors significantly influenced prevention, with 72% facing financial constraints and 84% reporting cultural restrictions on consuming iron-rich foods. Dietary practices were suboptimal, with only 29% consuming iron-rich foods daily. Health system factors also played a role; although 54% attended antenatal care 3–4 times, 60% reported receiving no education on anaemia prevention, and 60% were not regularly dewormed. Conclusion: Prevention of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women is influenced by inadequate knowledge, socio-economic challenges, cultural beliefs, and gaps in health service delivery. Recommendations: Strengthening health education during antenatal care, improving access to supplements, promoting community nutrition programs, and addressing cultural barriers are essential to enhance anaemia prevention among pregnant women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Swaphia Nakayiza, Ms. Hasifa Nansereko, Frank Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors influencing the uptake and adherence of malaria preventive strategies among pregnant women aged 15-49 years attending ANC in HRRH. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The study aimed to identify the factors influencing the uptake and adherence of malaria preventive strategies among pregnant women aged 15-49 years attending ANC in HRRH. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital ANC among pregnant women aged 15–49 years. A sample of 77 was determined using the Kish-Leslie formula and selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Quality was ensured through piloting and SOP adherence. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained, ensuring confidentiality, voluntary participation, and the right to withdraw. Results: A total of 77 pregnant women participated. Regarding ANC attendance, 32(42%) had 3-4 visits, 25(32%) more than four, and 20(26%) had 1-2 visits. IPTp uptake varied: 21(27%) received two doses, 20(26%) one dose, 17(22%) three doses, 12(16%) four or more, while 7(9%) received none. Most, 66(86%), received IPTp during ANC, and 69(90%) had ever received IPTp-SP. ITN ownership was 60(78%), but consistent use was low: 28(36%) used nightly, 20(26%) most nights, 12(16%) occasionally, and 17(22%) not at all. Knowledge levels were moderate: 27(35%) good, 25(33%) average, 11(14%) excellent and 14(18%) poor. About 44(57%) correctly identified monthly IPTp use. Health facilities were the main information source for 35(45.5%), and the most trusted providers for 38(49%). Accessibility was high 55(71%), though only 47(61%) were satisfied with care. Conclusion: Adherence influenced by knowledge, information sources, and service accessibility among pregnant women. Recommendation: Enhance ANC counselling, address IPTp misconceptions, reduce waiting time, and improve patient-health provider communication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Patience Nakawala, Ms. Hasifa Nansereko, Francisco Ssemuwemba, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Level of knowledge regarding the use of folic acid and iron supplements among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Iron and folic acid supplementation is a key component of antenatal care recommended by the World Health Organization to prevent anemia and neural tube defects in pregnancy. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge regarding the use of folic acid and iron supplements among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 pregnant women selected through systematic sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, with frequencies and percentages used to summarize findings. Results: The study included 195 respondents, 70.3% of the respondents were aged 26–35 years. 85.6% were married. 55.4% had completed primary education. Regarding occupation, almost three-quarters 73.8% were unemployed. More than half of the respondents 66.7% reported health workers as their source of information regarding iron and folic acid tablets, while a minority 3.1% reported school. 60% knew the correct number of iron and folic acid tablets taken per day, while a sizeable minority 40% did not know. 58.5% reported that the supplements help prevent anaemia, 17.9%, while the smallest proportion associated them with preventing low birth weight, 8.2%. 85.6% knew some natural sources of iron and folic acid, while the smallest proportion 14.4% reported that they did not know. Nearly three-quarters of the respondents 71.8% knew some side effects of the supplements, whereas the least number 28.2% reported that they did not know. Conclusion: Overall, pregnant women demonstrated a fair level of knowledge about iron and folic acid supplements, but notable gaps still exist that could hinder their proper use and effectiveness. Recommendation: Strengthening antenatal health education and expanding community awareness are necessary to improve knowledge and supplement use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joice Katamba Nankinga, Jimmy Okwany, Hasifah Nansereko, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Maternal factors contributing to high-risk pregnancy in mothers receiving antenatal care at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: High-risk pregnancies pose serious threats to the health of both mothers and babies, especially in developing countries where access to quality maternal care is limited. This study aims to determine the maternal factors contributing to high-risk pregnancy in mothers receiving antenatal care at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design to collect quantitative data from participants using a structured questionnaire. The data was coded and analysed using Microsoft Excel and presented in charts, tables, and graphs. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 20 years and below (44.78%), followed by those aged 20–34 years (29.85%) and 35 years and above (25.37%). Most women were cohabiting (44.78%), while others were married, divorced/separated, or widowed, with no single participants recorded. Most participants were first-time mothers (59.70%), while 40.30% were multiparous, with the majority having four or more pregnancies (67.16%). Most respondents were adolescents below 18 years (59.70%), followed by those aged 18–24 years (22.39%) and above 24 years (17.91%). Hypertension (29.85%) and anemia (26.87%) were the most common pregnancy-related conditions, followed by typhoid (13.43%), heart disease (11.94%), and diabetes (10.45%), while 7.46% had no conditions. Most participants (74.63%) had experienced complications in previous pregnancies. Regarding antenatal care, the majority (64.18%) initiated ANC after 24 weeks, indicating late booking. In terms of substance use, herbal medicine was most commonly used (53.73%), followed by alcohol (25.37%) and cigarettes (14.93%), while only a few reported no substance uses (5.97%). Conclusion: High-risk pregnancies are mainly driven by maternal factors such as young age, low socio-economic status, high parity, medical conditions, and delayed antenatal care attendance. Recommendation: Strengthening ANC education, promoting early booking, targeting high-risk groups, improving disease screening and management, increasing community awareness on substance use, and strengthening maternal healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isaac Tendo Ddumba, Ronald Mbidde, Hasifah Nansereko, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prsoperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of Home Deliveries among pregnant women in Namawojjolo village. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Home deliveries remain a significant public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in rural areas where access to health facilities and skilled birth attendants is limited. This study aims to determine the Prevalence of Home Deliveries and Socio-demographic factors contributing to home deliveries among pregnant women in Namawojjolo village. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Data was collected from 88 respondents using structured questionnaires. Quantitative data were analysed using tally sheets and presented in tables, pie charts, and bar graphs. Results: Most of the respondents, 32 (36.4%), were aged 25–34 years, and 14 (15.9%) were aged 45 years and above. 50 (56.8%) were female, 38 (43.2%) were male. 40 (45.5%) were married, while the least, 8 (9.1%), were widowed. 32 (36.4%) had completed primary education, while at least 6 (6.8%) had no formal education. 36 (40.9%) were unemployed, whereas the least were 20 (22.7%) were formally employed. Home delivery occurred among 34 (38.7%) pregnant women, while the majority, 54 (61.3%), delivered from a health facility. Conclusion: Although the majority of women delivered in health facilities, a considerable proportion (38.7%) still delivered at home, indicating that home delivery remains a concern in Namawojjolo village. Socio-demographic factors such as education level, marital status, and employment may influence the choice of delivery location. Recommendation: Community health education and improved access to maternal health services should be strengthened to encourage pregnant women to deliver in health facilities with skilled birth attendants.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Isaac Bumaye, James Kizito, Hasifah Nansereko, Frascisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Maternal/caretaker factors associated with preterm births among women at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Maternal and caretaker factors significantly influence the risk of preterm births. This study aims to assess the maternal/caretaker factors associated with preterm births among women at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among post-delivery mothers at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and a review of maternity records. Data were analyzed using SPSS. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study had 90 respondents, 45 (50%) were under 20 years old, while the least number of respondents, 4 (4.4%), were aged 50 and older. Regarding Nutrition during Pregnancy, most of the respondents, 50 (55.6%), had very poor (minimal) food intake, while the least number, 4 (4.4%), reported having a very good (balanced) diet. 48 (53.3%) reported having a shortened cervix, while the least, 12 (13.3%), had no pregnancy-related problems. 49 (54.4%) were exposed to secondhand smoke, while the least, 6 (6.7%), reported having no exposure to risk factors such as alcohol or drugs. 47(52%), got prenatal care but not regularly, while the least, 810(9%), received no care at all. Conclusion: The study found that maternal and caretaker factors such as young maternal age, poor nutrition during pregnancy, exposure to secondhand smoke, pregnancy complications like a shortened cervix, and irregular antenatal care attendance were common among women with preterm births at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. Recommendations: Pregnant women should be encouraged to attend antenatal care regularly, maintain proper nutrition, and avoid exposure to harmful substances. Health facilities and community programs should also provide education and support, especially for young mothers, and strengthen early screening for pregnancy complications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Malcom Batte, James Kizito, Hasifah Nansereko, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Workplace-related and socio-demographic factors that influence Exclusive Breastfeeding among working mothers attending health services at Entebbe Grade B Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for optimal infant growth, nutrition, and immunity during the first six months of life. Therefore, this study aims to determine the Workplace-related factors that influence Exclusive Breastfeeding among working mothers attending health services at Entebbe Grade B Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 59 respondents. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel, and data was presented as frequency distribution tables, bar graphs, and pie charts to illustrate the results. Results: More than half, 34(54%) of the mothers were staying in urban centers. According to the employment status, results revealed that 29(60%) were employed full-time. According to the belief in exclusive breastfeeding, 27 (54%) strongly disagreed, and 28 (56%) had no formal education. 44 (75%) were employed. Out of those who were employed most, 12 (67%) were poor.33(62%) did not have breastfeeding breaks during working hours; others who were given breastfeeding breaks, only 4(6%) were fully given privacy. 44(79%) were not given maternity leave at the workplace. 48(88%) had breastfed their children, but only a few 20(33%) had actually exclusively breastfed them for the first 6 months. Conclusion: Workplace-related challenges, such as lack of maternity leave, breastfeeding breaks, and privacy, along with low awareness, negatively affect exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers at Entebbe Grade B Hospital. Recommendations: Employers should provide maternity leave, breastfeeding breaks, and private spaces for breastfeeding, while health workers should strengthen education on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel Amani, Franscisco Ssemuwemba, Hasifah Nansereko, Janefrank Nalubega, Immaculate Prsoperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases among students of Kajjansi Progressive Secondary School in Lweza, Wakiso district. Cross-sectional study.
Background: Knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents is essential for preventing transmission and promoting early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this study aims to assess the knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases among students of Kajjansi Progressive Secondary School in Lweza, Wakiso District. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional design using quantitative methods. 90 participants were recruited through stratified and systematic random sampling. Self-administered questionnaires were used; data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Word 2010 and presented in the form of descriptive statistics. Results: The study had 90 respondents, 46.7% of the respondents were between 11 and 15 years; 66.7% were in O-Level, 82.2% were Christians, and 57.8% were male. All 90 (100%) of the respondents had ever heard about sexually transmitted infections; Majority, 72 (80%) identified gonorrhea as a curable STI; 86 (95.6%) reported STI’s are transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse; 80 (88.9%) disagree that STIs only affect women; Slightly more than half, 47 (52.2) reported that showering after sex had a protective effect towards acquiring STIs; and more than half, 53 (59%) reported burning urination as a symptom of STIs. Respondents were asked to name the source of the information about STDs, and the main responses were from teachers, health workers, peers, media platforms such as the internet and radio. Some of the sexually transmitted infections that were known to the respondents were HIV, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Conclusion: The study showed that most students had high awareness of sexually transmitted infections, including their transmission and common symptoms. However, some misconceptions about STI prevention still exist among the students, indicating gaps in comprehensive knowledge. Recommendations: Schools should strengthen sexual health education, involve health workers in school health talks, and promote accurate sources of information to improve students’ understanding and prevention of STIs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lillian Chance Agondeze, Ronald Mbide, Hasifah Nansereko, Franisco Ssemuwemba, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge about birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Itojo General Hospital, Ntungamo District. A cross-sectional study.
Background: This study aims to determine the knowledge about birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Itojo General Hospital, Ntungamo District. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, which enabled the collection of data from pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Itojo General Hospital within a relatively short period. Data was analyzed using SPSS v20 and presented as charts, tables, and graphs. Results: The majority of the participants, 113(57.6%), were aged 20-29 years. Regarding education level, a large percentage of participants, 80(40.82%), had attained tertiary level education. 156 (79.6%) were from rural areas. The majority of the participants had obtained information about birth preparedness and complication readiness from health care providers, who accounted for (82.14%). 120 (61.2%) correctly identified bleeding, pain, and reduced fetal movements as danger signs, followed by (25.5%) who identified headache, vomiting, and nausea as danger signs. (8.2%) Some of the participants did not know any danger signs, and (5.1%) incorrectly identified a lack of money as a danger sign. All the 196 participants (100%) had agreed that ANC visits had improved on child preparedness and complication readiness. Conclusion: Health care providers were the main source of BP/CR information, and participants showed moderate knowledge of danger signs. ANC visits improved awareness, but some gaps in recognizing complications remain. Recommendation: Health care providers should continue and intensify education on birth preparedness and complication readiness, with special emphasis on recognizing all key danger signs.
Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness
Copyright (c) 2026 Nathan Abaho, Francisco Ssemuwamba, Hasifah Nansereko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Klebsiella Pneumoniae among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Entebbe regional referral hospital in Wakiso district, A cross-sectional study.
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) accounts for nearly one-third of gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitals, and pregnant women are at a higher risk. Structural and physiological changes in the urinary tract facilitate bacterial movement into the bladder. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of K. Pneumoniae among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital in Wakiso district. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional design was used among 120 pregnant women attending ANC at Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital from August 2025 to November 2025. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Prevalence of K. Pneumoniae and its microbial sensitivity was determined by urine culture and sensitivity. Results: Overall, 41.7% were aged 16-25 years, 26-35 years, 36.7%, 36-45 years, 21.6%. Of the 57 mothers, 47.5% were single, 42.5% married, and 10.0% were divorced. In addition, 21.6% of pregnant mothers had no formal education, 27.5% primary, 25.8% secondary level, and 25.0% tertiary level. 45.0% mothers were in the second trimester, 34% in the third trimester, and 20.8% in the first trimester. The prevalence of K. Pneumoniae was 10.5% from 47.5% of UTI urine samples. K. Pneumoniae isolates were 100% sensitive to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid and Meropenem, moderately sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (66.7%), but showed high resistance to Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin (66.7%), as well as Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin (50.0%). Younger maternal age (16–25 years, 50.0%), secondary level of education (66.7%), third trimester of pregnancy (50.0%), and history of recurrent UTIs (83.3%) were identified as risk factors associated with K. Pneumoniae infection among pregnant women. Conclusion: Growing concern of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens in pregnancy, underscoring the importance of targeted screening and preventive strategies among high-risk groups to reduce maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recommendation: Urine culture and sensitivity should be incorporated into the routine screening of UTIs for pregnant women during antenatal care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francis Ashabahebwa, Mr. Francisco Ssemuwemba, Hasifah Nansereko, Anthony Ssekitoleko, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilization of first trimester obstetric scans among pregnant mothers at Dr. Bata general military hospital, Wakiso district. A cross-sectional study.
Background. First-trimester obstetric ultrasound scanning is a critical component of antenatal care, enabling accurate dating of pregnancy, early detection of complications, and improved maternal and fetal outcomes. This study assessed the utilization of first-trimester obstetric scans and the associated factors among pregnant mothers attending Dr. Bata General Military Hospital, Wakiso District. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 pregnant mothers attending antenatal care at Dr. Bata General Military Hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages. Results. The majority of respondents were aged 20–30 years (62%), had secondary education (48%), were self-employed (58%), and married (68%). Socio-economic factors showed that 56% were sometimes able to manage scan costs, 60% belonged to households with medium economic status, and 64% lived 2–4 km from the hospital. Transport was reported as difficult or very difficult by 60% of respondents. Most respondents (66%) had received information on first-trimester scans, mainly from health workers (67%), and 58% had moderate knowledge of scan purposes. Although 60% demonstrated a positive attitude toward first-trimester scans, 56% reported previous negative scan experiences, and 62% indicated that personal beliefs somewhat influenced their attitudes. Health facility challenges included long or very long waiting times (74%), intermittent availability of ultrasound machines (60%), and reported challenges in accessing scan services by 58% of respondents, despite 56% perceiving staffing as adequate. Conclusion. Utilization of first-trimester obstetric scans was influenced by economic constraints, transport difficulties, knowledge gaps, prior negative experiences, and health facility limitations such as long waiting times and inconsistent equipment availability. Recommendations. Health facilities should strengthen health education on the importance of first-trimester scans, improve service efficiency to reduce waiting times, ensure consistent availability of ultrasound machines, and consider cost-reduction or support mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teddy Akol, Hasifa Nansereko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Factors influencing iron supplement uptake among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Ndejje Health Centre IV, Wakiso District. A cross-sectional study.
Background. Iron deficiency anemia remains a major public health problem among pregnant women in Uganda, contributing to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to assess factors influencing iron supplement uptake among pregnant women attending ANC at Ndejje Health Centre IV, Wakiso District. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 pregnant women attending ANC at Ndejje Health Centre IV. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, individual factors, and health facility-related factors influencing iron supplement uptake. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented in frequencies and percentages. Results. Most respondents were aged 20–29 years (50%), had secondary education (45%), and were self-employed (40%). Although half of the respondents (50%) knew that iron supplements help to make more blood, only 45% reported starting iron supplementation during the current pregnancy, and among these, only 44.4% were still taking the supplements. Forgetfulness (65%), discomfort such as bad taste, nausea, and vomiting (55%), taking multiple medicines (65%), lack of family support (35%), and limited exposure to health information (50%) negatively influenced uptake. Health facility factors included long distance to the facility (45% lived more than 5 km away), late initiation of ANC, inadequate counselling (45% never received counselling), and inconsistent supply of iron supplements (55% did not receive supplements at the facility). Although 85% reported that health workers recommended iron supplements, only 45% consistently received them. Conclusion. Iron supplement uptake among pregnant women at Ndejje Health Centre IV was low and influenced by inadequate knowledge, side effects, poor family support, limited counselling, distance to the facility, and inconsistent availability of supplements. Recommendations. Strengthening health education and counselling, ensuring a consistent supply of iron supplements, promoting early ANC attendance, and involving family members, especially spouses, in maternal health education are recommended to improve iron supplement uptake.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sylivia Kembabazi, George Masete, Hasifa Nansereko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Utilization of antenatal care services among HIV-positive pregnant mothers attending Katabi Military Hospital, Wakiso District. A cross-sectional study.
Background. Antenatal care (ANC) is a critical entry point for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes among HIV-positive pregnant women. This study assessed the utilization of antenatal care services and associated barriers among HIV-positive pregnant mothers attending Katabi Military Hospital in Wakiso District. Methodology. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 30 HIV-positive pregnant mothers attending ANC at Katabi Military Hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, to assess socio-demographic characteristics and health facility-related, socio-cultural, and individual barriers to ANC utilization. Results. The majority of respondents were aged 25–34 years (50%) and had attained secondary education (46.6%). Health facility-related barriers included inadequate counseling and health education on HIV and ANC (46.7%), long waiting times, and insufficient services (46.7%). Half of the respondents (50%) reported poor attitudes from health workers. Socio-cultural barriers were prominent, with 56.7% experiencing stigma during ANC visits and 73.3% reporting fear of disclosing their HIV status as a major barrier. Decision-making regarding healthcare was largely influenced by husbands or partners (53.3%). Individual barriers included poor knowledge of recommended ANC visits, with 40% unaware of the required number, and personal perceptions, such as feeling healthy and not needing ANC (46.7%). Forgetting appointment dates was the most common time-related barrier (73.3%). Conclusion. Utilization of ANC services among HIV-positive pregnant mothers was influenced by health system inefficiencies, socio-cultural stigma, and individual knowledge gaps. These barriers collectively hinder optimal ANC attendance and PMTCT outcomes. Recommendations. Nurses should strengthen counseling, promote positive interactions, and integrate follow-up systems. Health facilities should improve accessibility and introduce appointment reminders. Communities should reduce stigma and support professional ANC attendance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Judith Adeke, Hasifa Nansereko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kapchorwa general hospital in Kapchorwa district, eastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study.
Background: In Uganda, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women has shown regional variability and persistent challenges. The study aims to examine the Prevalence of anaemia and risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kapchorwa General Hospital in Kapchorwa district, eastern Uganda. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study to determine the prevalence and explore factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women. This study was conducted at Kapchorwa General Hospital; the study population consisted of pregnant women with anaemia attending Kapchorwa General Hospital. The study population was selected from the antenatal care clinic. The sample size was determined using the Kish and Leslie formula. A simple random sampling technique was employed in the study. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 29/286 (10.1%). The majority of our study participants had attained tertiary education (50.7%), lived in an urban setting (66.4%), were employed (68.9%), and earned an average monthly income greater than one hundred thousand Uganda shillings(66.4%). The majority of the study participants found to be anemic were in the age bracket of 20-24(5.2%) with those with 15-19 having least percentage of 1.0% but overall those below the age of 25 had greater number of anemic participants 18(6.2%) while those above 25 had fewer number of anemic participants 11(3.85%). Conclusion: Employment was also associated with anemia, likely because busy work schedules limit time for antenatal care and proper meal preparation. Recommendations: Pregnant women should attend ANC early and consistently to monitor their blood levels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ivan Kokoi Chewere, Robert Nwabine, Francisco Ssemuwemba, Anthony Sekitoleko, Jane Frank Nalubega, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Hasifah Nansereko (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Individual characteristics affecting the utilization of Depo-Provera among women of reproductive age attending Katabi General Military Hospital. Across-sectional study.
Background: The study aims to investigate individual-related characteristics affecting the utilization of Depo-Provera among women of reproductive age attending Katabi General Military Hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design employing quantitative methods was used. The study population consisted of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) attending the family planning clinic of Katabi General Military Hospital during the period of data collection. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table. A convenience sampling technique was used to select study participants. Results: 22(50%) of the respondents said cultural beliefs ever stopped them from using contraceptives like Depo-Provera, while at least 10(22.7%) said they never stopped them. Most 27 (61.4%) of the respondents reported that money made it hard for them to use Depo-Provera, while the least 4 (9.1%) said it does not affect their use at all. The majority, 18 (40.9%) of the respondents stated that they sometimes used herbal or traditional methods instead of Depo-Provera, while 11 (25%) said they do not use them at all. Most 24 (54.5%) of the respondents said fear of side effects had often stopped them from using Depo-Provera, while 8 (18.2%) reported that it had never stopped them. The findings further show that the majority, 26 (59.1%) of the respondents indicated that their husbands make the health care seeking decisions on family planning methods like Depo-Provera, while the least 7 (15.9%) reported making the decision themselves. Conclusion: The study concluded that both individual characteristics significantly affect the utilization of Depo-Provera among women of reproductive age attending Katabi General Military Hospital. Cultural beliefs, financial barriers, preference for herbal methods, fear of side effects, and male partner influence were key individual factors limiting use. Recommendations: Implement support programs that assist low-income women in accessing family planning services without financial strain.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cephus Nkwasibwe, George Masete, Hasifa Nanseroko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega, Francisco Ssemuwemba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of the attitude and the perceptions of pregnant mothers towards folic acid supplementation at Kagote Health Centre III, Kabarole District. A cross sectional study.
Background Folic acid supplementation is essential for preventing neural tube defects in developing fetuses. Understanding attitudes and perceptions at Kagote Health Centre III is crucial for developing effective health interventions and improving maternal and child health outcomes. Therefore, this study seeks to assess the attitude and the perceptions of pregnant mothers towards folic acid supplementation at Kagote Health Centre III, Kabarole District. Methodology The study employed a descriptive cross sectional study design and questionnaires comprising of both structured and unstructured questions were used. Data collected was entered into Microsoft excel, 2013 and analyzed. Results Findings also revealed that 2(7%) of the respondents had bad pregnancy outcome while the majority 28 (93%) had no bad pregnancy outcome. Among those who had bad pregnancy, one had a miscarriage while the other had a newborn with neural tube defect. In addition, majority 28(93%) of the respondents will continue using folic acid supplements throughout the pregnancy since they had better perceptions for folic acid. Furthermore, findings revealed that that 2(7%) of the respondents had bad pregnancy outcome while the majority 28 (93%) had no bad pregnancy outcome. Among those who had bad pregnancy, one had a miscarriage while the other had a newborn with neural tube defect and so cannot continue using folic acid supplements throughout the pregnancy. Conclusion Most respondents had positive pregnancy outcomes and plan to continue using folic acid supplements. However, a few experienced adverse outcomes, influencing their decision against continued supplementation. Recommendation The researcher recommends nurses make another study on factors that promote adherence to folic acid supplementation so that neural birth defects and miscarriages are prevented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Judith Karungi, Claire Mukomuzibu, Jane Frances Namuddu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0